Application of Neural Networks (NNs) for Fabric Defect Classification

The defect classification is as important as the defect detection in fabric inspection process. The detected defects are classified according to their types and recorded with their names during manual fabric inspection process. The material is selected as “undyed raw denim” fabric in this study. Four commonly occurring defect types, hole, warp lacking, weft lacking and soiled yarn, were classified by using artificial neural network (ANN) method. The defects were automatically classified according to their texture features. Texture feature extraction algorithm was developed to acquire the required values from the defective fabric samples. The texture features were assessed as the network input values and the defect classification is obtained as the output. The defective images were classified with an average accuracy rate of 96.3%. As the hole defect was recognized with 100% accuracy rate, the others were recognized with a rate of 95%

Fabric defect detection using linear filtering and morphological operations

An algorithm with linear filters and morphological operations has been proposed for automatic fabric defect detection. The algorithm is applied off-line and real-time to denim fabric samples for five types of defects. All defect types have been detected successfully and the defective regions are labeled. The defective fabric samples are then classified by using feed forward neural network method. Both defect detection and classification application performances are evaluated statistically. Defect detection performance of real time and off-line applications are obtained as 88% and 83% respectively. The defective images are classified with an average accuracy rate of 96.3%

10 W DC-DC converter based LED driver circuit design

Considering the total amount of energy consumed in the world, energy used in lighting is of utmost importance. For this reason, systems used in lighting should be energy efficient, and mıre efficient lighting elements should be preferred. LED, as a solid-state lighting system, is more energy efficient than the lighting systems with conventional lighting elements. Some of the LEDs used in solid-state lighting systems are named as standard 5mm LEDs and power LEDs. Because power LEDs have more light efficiency than standard 5 mm LEDs, they are produced as an alternative to conventional light sources. Power LEDs draw much more current than standard 5 mm LEDs. LEDs need LED drivers that provide them with constant current to run efficiently, and have a long life. The present research studies 10 W DC-DC converter based current limited LED driver circuits. Simulations were created for these LED driver circuits, and they are analysed through their simulations. Efficiency, input current, total circuit loss, output current and power values are measured. In this context, output current and efficiency values of the driver circuits are analysed in terms of energy efficiency, and optimised in accordance with energy efficiency

A homozygous MED11 C-terminal variant causes a lethal neurodegenerative disease

Purpose: The mediator (MED) multisubunit-complex modulates the activity of the transcriptional machinery, and genetic defects in different MED subunits (17, 20, 27) have been implicated in neurologic diseases. In this study, we identified a recurrent homozygous variant in MED11 (c.325C>T; p.Arg109Ter) in 7 affected individuals from 5 unrelated families. Methods: To investigate the genetic cause of the disease, exome or genome sequencing were performed in 5 unrelated families identified via different research networks and Matchmaker Exchange. Deep clinical and brain imaging evaluations were performed by clinical pediatric neurologists and neuroradiologists. The functional effect of the candidate variant on both MED11 RNA and protein was assessed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting using fibroblast cell lines derived from 1 affected individual and controls and through computational approaches. Knockouts in zebrafish were generated using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9. Results: The disease was characterized by microcephaly, profound neurodevelopmental impairment, exaggerated startle response, myoclonic seizures, progressive widespread neurodegeneration, and premature death. Functional studies on patient-derived fibroblasts did not show a loss of protein function but rather disruption of the C-terminal of MED11, likely impairing binding to other MED subunits. A zebrafish knockout model recapitulates key clinical phenotypes. Conclusion: Loss of the C-terminal of MED subunit 11 may affect its binding efficiency to other MED subunits, thus implicating the MED-complex stability in brain development and neurodegeneration

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Fabric defect detection using linear filtering and morphological operations

254-259An algorithm with linear filters and morphological operations has been proposed for automatic fabric defect detection. The algorithm is applied off-line and real-time to denim fabric samples for five types of defects. All defect types have been detected successfully and the defective regions are labeled. The defective fabric samples are then classified by using feed forward neural network method. Both defect detection and classification application performances are evaluated statistically. Defect detection performance of real time and off-line applications are obtained as 88% and 83% respectively. The defective images are classified with an average accuracy rate of 96.3%

Tamoxifen-Induced Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Reduction: A Clue for an Acquired Thrombophilic State?

Background: Current understanding of hemostatic systems enables us to better explore the enigmatic pathobiology of tamoxifen (TAM)-induced thrombotic diathesis. We have therefore aimed to assess the hemostatic changes in breast cancer patients receiving TAM on an adjuvant basis. Patients and methods: The study population consisted of 43 female patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who received TAM 20 mg/day as part of their adjuvant treatment. Mean age was 52+/-12 years (range 25-74). Twenty-one patients (49%) were premenopausal. Plasma samples were collected prior to and following 6 months of TAM therapy and were assayed for total tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), free TFPI, lipid-bound TFPI, thrombomodulin, D dimer, activated protein C resistance (APC res), factors VIIa, II, V, VII and X, and global fibrinolytic capacity (GFC). Results: Median total TFPI decreased significantly from 48.5 ng/ml to 36.2 ng/ml (P=0.001), free TFPI from 10 to 7.6 ng/ml (P=0.001) and lipid-bound TFPI from 39.1 to 28.7 ng/ml (P=0.001). There were significant decreases in the levels of factor 11 (P=0.03), factor V (P=0.001), factor VII (P=0.06), thrombomodulin (P=0.01) and D dimer (P=0.001). However, APC res times were significantly prolonged (P=0.04). The remaining parameters that we have studied were not significantly affected. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TAM tends to activate the coagulation pathway by counteracting major molecules involved in coagulation inhibition, namely TFPI and TM. As reflected by unchanged GFC, the drug appears to impair the expected compensatory activation of the fibrinolytic system, which removes fibrin polymers resulting from coagulation activation.WoSScopu